彼得·圣吉在其著作《第五項(xiàng)修煉》中提到的系統(tǒng)思維定律同樣適用于軟件開發(fā)。
1.Today’s problems come from yesterday’s solutions(的問題源自昨天的解決方案).
We， humans， are happy when we solve problems. We often don’t think much about consequences. Surprisingly， our solutions
could strike back and create new problems.
當(dāng)解決問題時(shí)，我們會(huì)感到很高興。我們經(jīng)常不考慮后果。令人感到意外的是，我們提出的解決方案可能會(huì)
產(chǎn)生反作用，并帶來新問題。
[1]A company decides to reward few key members of the very successful team with bonuses and promotions. The rest of the
team feel unfairness and loss of motivation. Eventually tension between members is increased. The following projects are no
longer successful.
作為對(duì)取得巨大成功的團(tuán)隊(duì)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，公司決定為團(tuán)隊(duì)中的少數(shù)骨干成員發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金并晉升職位。團(tuán)隊(duì)中的其
他成員會(huì)感到不公平，并且會(huì)喪失積極性。終使團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間的關(guān)系更加緊張，后續(xù)項(xiàng)目也很難再取
得成功。
[2]A project manager frequently asks developers to fix a new bug or work on urgent requests from customers. Developers do
their best to fulfil these requests. Frequent distractions prevent them from finishing their main tasks for the iterations. Project
shows only little progress.
項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理頻繁要求開發(fā)者修復(fù)一個(gè)新的軟件Bug，或者處理客戶的緊急需求，而開發(fā)者盡力滿足這些要求。
但是，過于頻繁地分散精力會(huì)妨礙他們完成迭代過程中的主要任務(wù)。因此，項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展很慢。
2.The harder you push， the harder the system pushes back(用力越大，系統(tǒng)的反作用力也越大).
We have this stubborn reaction to push our way through when things are not working out as we want. We charge without time to
stop， think and find better alternatives. Sometimes we solve problems， but often we find ourselves up to ears in the swamp of other
problems.
當(dāng)事情的進(jìn)展結(jié)果并非如我們所愿時(shí)，我們會(huì)固執(zhí)地堅(jiān)持自己的方法。我們沒有時(shí)間來停下來思維并尋找更好的
替代方案，而是“義無反顧”地向前沖。有時(shí)候雖然解決了問題，但往往又發(fā)現(xiàn)深陷于其他問題之中。
[1]Managers keep pushing people to work overtime and meet deadline when a system is far from completion. The number of bugs is
increasing and overall quality is rapidly dropping causing more delays. More and more effort is required to launch the software system.
當(dāng)一個(gè)系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)未完成時(shí)，經(jīng)理通常會(huì)不斷催促員工加班加點(diǎn)地工作，并且要求按時(shí)完成。系統(tǒng)bug數(shù)量的持續(xù)
增加及整體質(zhì)量的急劇下降，導(dǎo)致更多的延誤。因此，需要做更多的工作來部署軟件系統(tǒng)。
[2]Developers heroically stretch the same architecture for the new system requirements， which don’t fit into the old rigid way. They are
so busy doing it that don’t have time to stop， analyze and change approach. The system degrades.
為了滿足新系統(tǒng)的要求，開發(fā)者勇敢的對(duì)原有的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，但死板陳舊的方法已經(jīng)不能滿足這些新需求。
他們忙于做這件事，以至于沒有時(shí)間停下來仔細(xì)分析并且改變方法，從而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量下降。
3.Behavior grows better before it grows worse(福兮禍之所伏).
Short-term solutions give us a short break and temporary improvement， but don’t eliminate fundamental problems. These problems will make
situation worse in the long run.
短期的解決方案，會(huì)給我們帶來短暫的休息和狀況的暫時(shí)改善，但是不會(huì)從根本上解決問題。這些問題終究會(huì)使情
況變得更糟。
[1]A company gives customers hefty discounts and run expensive advertisement – many people buy the software.
Customers are unhappy after purchase， because software is unusable and unreliable.
公司為顧客提供豐厚的優(yōu)惠并投入巨資宣傳，讓很多人購買軟件 。但是，顧客購買之后很不滿意，因?yàn)檐浖䶮o法
使用也不可靠。
[2]Management promises development team big bonuses if they finish system in time. A team work hard， but soon realize that it is impossible.
Developers becomes cynical and unmotivated.
如果開發(fā)小組能夠按時(shí)完成系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，管理層承諾，如果開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠按時(shí)完成系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，公司會(huì)提供巨額的獎(jiǎng)金。
一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)開始努力的工作，但很快他們意識(shí)到這是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。于是開發(fā)者變得悲觀并喪失動(dòng)力。
4.The easy way out usually leads back in(容易出去的方法往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致返回來).
We learn few solutions in our life， which brought easy success earlier. We try to vigorously apply them in any situation disregarding particular
context and people.
在生活中學(xué)到的一些解決方案能夠幫助我們輕易地并且更早的地獲得成功。我們總是試圖把它們強(qiáng)加到任何情形上，
而忽略了特殊的背景以及相關(guān)人員。
[1]Agile coach is forcing full Extreme Programming implementation when developers are not ready to accept some practices as pair programming
or TDD. It creates stress， conflicts and allergy to any Agile approach.
開發(fā)者還沒有準(zhǔn)備好接受結(jié)對(duì)編程或者測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開發(fā)這樣的實(shí)踐時(shí)，敏捷教練強(qiáng)行實(shí)現(xiàn)完全的極限編程。這會(huì)給任何
敏捷方法帶來壓力、沖突以及負(fù)面影響。
[2]Developers apply design patterns everywhere unnecessarily complicating the system.
開發(fā)者把設(shè)計(jì)模式應(yīng)用到任何地方，這是徒勞的，而且這會(huì)讓系統(tǒng)變得復(fù)雜。
5.The cure can be worse than the disease(治療帶來的結(jié)果可能會(huì)比疾病導(dǎo)致后果更嚴(yán)重).
Some familiar solutions could be even dangerous like drinking beer while programming to reduce stress for unreal deadlines.
有些熟知的方法可能會(huì)更危險(xiǎn)，比如在編程的時(shí)候喝啤酒，來減輕不切實(shí)際的任務(wù)期限帶來的壓力。
[1]A company hires various contractors to work on core features， because doesn’t trust full-time developers. As a result， the system doesn’t
have conceptual integrity， in-house developers don’t understand and cannot change it. Domain knowledge， interpretation and concepts are
missing from the brains of company employees.
由于不信任全職開發(fā)者，一家公司雇傭了大量的承包商來開發(fā)核心功能。結(jié)果，系統(tǒng)不具有概念完整性，自己公
司的開發(fā)者看不懂，并且無法做出修改。所以，公司員工也不了解相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)、解釋以及概念。
